Method of projecting multiple images



we z swwm BEO MZQ SUBSTITUTE FOR MISSiNG XR H. F. ROAZH HE'ZHCD or PROJECTING EJLTIPLE IMAGES Qriginal Filed Oct. 20. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 by Q ........M MH Y Aw Q IE1 CL 0? PROJECTING MULTIPLE IKAC'ES Original Filed Oct. 20. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Mun/rag:- f/QRRY E Fanw/ BYW Patented Sept. 14, 1926.

HARRY I. ROACH, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

METHOD OF PROJECTING MULTIPLE IMAGES.

Original application filed October 20,-1924. Serial 1%. 744.643. Divided and this application filed April v This invention relates to a novel method 7 or projecting multiple images upon a screen 'for the. purpose of investigating minute movements, due to any cause. or for dcd'ucing stresses incident to distortion of a member produced by the presence of a load, and IS a division of my application Serial No. 744.643. filed October 20th. 192-1.

The broad idea or the invention consists in the projection of a normal and an anamor Jl'lOllS ima e of the ob ect upon a single screen, an preferabl superimposed relathe head of the rail. and. owin to the reat 1 tire to each other on the same vertical axis,

' with the normal image prefcrabl located at the upperportion of the screen, whereby I the records of the time, place, scale of image on the same axis, comparison betweenlhe with reference to the object, the image ofn'hich is projected, may be readily recognized and conveniently used when appearing on the image, the great relative magnification which is produced in the anamorphous image throwing much of this record oil of the screen. By this method. the complete data of premise will appear upon the screen.

Furthermore, by projecting the normal and anamorphous images on the same s reen and normal image and the magnified image is facilitated, the location of the zone of magnification more readily determined, and the cause of deformation, or minute movement or displacement, revealed.v If desired, the method may be extended by introducEng two or more anamorphous projections or the inn-age, each being on the same axis of selec- Xut a different plane.

ous projections of dilierent parts In this way,

Zlllalil n .of the same structure, or of ditierent structures or bodies, subjected to the sum-cloud, may he placed upon the screen for purposes V of comparison with the normal image of the v object or structure, thereby producing a convenient and usable exhibit affording informatron as to cause and effect. for ex ample, the normal image may be that of a wheel passing over a track at the point wh re the abutting ends of t o rails are connected by a joint. The anamorphous projection may be that of the head of the rail, or one anamorphous projection may be of the head of therail and another of the web, or one anamorphous projection may be of the head and another of the connecting joint. In the case of the lower anamorphc-os image, or of each anamorphous image Serial No. 20,591. g

if more than one is projected for the purpose of comparison with the normal image, the scale of one axis is preferably the same as that on the same axis of the upper normalimage, while the Scale un another axis.

relative magnification which ensues in the practice 01' my invention, it is only a line which appears upon the screen. For this purpose, I may employ lines called, in mechanics, elastic curve lines, or strain lines, or even points, or any other datum means for indicating relative displacement or, movement in the objectsubjected to the load, phenomena, or the like.

In the accompanying drawing, illustrating, diagrammatically, an arrangement of apparatus for practicing my method:-

Figure l is a diagrammatic. plan View of "a preferred arrangement of apparatus;

Figure 2- is a diagrammatic View in elevation of the some apparatus; and

Figure 3 is a view in elevation of a screen showing, at the upper part or the screen, a normal photograph of the wheel of a locomotive passing over two rails at the point of their connection; at. the central portion of me screen. an'anamorphons projection, on the vertical axis or" a line placed along! the head of th' rail; and at the lower part e screen, an anamorphous projection of a lane pl ced along the upper edge of one of the joints. n In order that in improved method may i be understood. I will first describe the arrangementoi. apparatus shown diagram-' matically in the drawings, Figures 1 and The numerals 1.2 and 3 indicate, l'L"S1JL C- tii'ely, three metal bases which, in practice, would be approximately seventeen feet in length, on which are mounted the respective elements hereinafter referred to. Of these bases, the base 2 is tired, while bases 1 and 3 are vertically adjustable relative to base 2 at the election of the operator. "the extent of [lZc'SQ adjustments ranges from zero to twenty-four inches. Mounted on cdCl] of the boscs l and 3 apparatus for projecting an anamorphous inage. Mounted on the base llO of diaphragm 9, 9 theopenings 8, 8, being in the form of slits which are perpendicular to each other. The dzaphragms f1, 9", are separately ad ustable vertically and hor1zon-" tally through a range, say, of five inches and they are also adjustable around the optical axis 10 through the angle of 360. After passing through the openings in the "diaphragms 9, 9 the rays pass through a 7 second cooling element 11, and then enter a the films may be so positioned with refer-1 I moving picture projection apparatus 12, which is equipped with moving picture films, each apparatus being provided with 9. diaphragm 13. Each moving picture apparatus is adjustably mounted, so that each of ence to the optical axis as that any portion of an exposure from top to bottom mayappear on the optical axis of the beam of parallel rays. In case cinematographic ef: fects are not desired, the moving picture projection apparatus'may be removed, at the election of the operator, and in their place may be substituted glass negative carriers with diaphragms. The-speed of the films in the three apparatus 12 is the same, and the position of the same image or images on the three-films is alike as to the optical axis. This is accomplished through the medium of a motor 14 mounted on the base 2, from i l which a belt 15 iasses to a pulley 16 mounted on the sha t 17 of the apparatus 12,

' mounted on base 2. A belt 18 passes, from v pulley 16 to a pulley 19 on a shart operating the apparatus 12 on base 3, and a belt '20 passes from pulley 16 to a pulley 21 for operating the apparatus 12 on base 1. An

adjustable belt-tightening pulley 22 is pro-' vidcd for adjusting the tension on the beltsaccor'dinv to the adjustment which maybe effected of the bases 1 and 3. j 1 Mounted in front of each of the apparatus 12' on the bases 1 and 3 is an anamorphote 23, each of which is horizontally movable on a base 24 and rotatably mounted to revolve around the optical axis through an angle of 360. The anamorphote 23 is that known to the art for producing an anamorphous image such as is defined hereinafter. For.

observation in the field, I would refer to use the instrument devised by Paul udolph,

and described and illustrated in British ate-mt No. 8512 of December 5th, 1898, for

improvements in anamorphotic lens systems refiected onto the screen 34.

For work in the laboratory, 1 would prefer to use the dioptric anamorphote shown and described in my Patent No. 1,552,453, dated September 8th, 1925, combined, of course, with a suitable lens system. From each anamorphote 23, the rays pass through contrast light ray filters 25, thence through diaphragms 26, similar to the diaphragms 9, 9,

theme through a lens 27, the position or which is the reverse of that 01' lens 5, thence through a pair of symmetrical projection lenses 28, 29, supplied with an adjustable diaphragm 30, From the lenses 29 the rays pass onto reflecting prisms 31, 32, respectively, each of which has a reflecting element of an angle of 45. From the prism 31, the rays pass to a similar-reflecting prism 33, when e they are reflected vonto a screen 34. From the prism 32-, the rays are reflected onto a. prism 35, whence they are and33 are adjustable relative to each other,

and the prisms 32 and 35 are adjustable relative to each other. The prisms 33 and 35 are also independently ad ustable in the vertical plane.

The prisms 3L 7 1 Referring to the apparatus on base 2,

from the'nioring'picture projecting apparatus 12, the rays pass through contrast light ray filters 36, diaphragrns 37, lens 38, symmetrical projection lenses 39, and adjustable diaphragmAO, an from the last lens 39,

the rays are projected directly upon the screen 34.

Referring more in detail to certain features of the apparatus, each of the reflectors 7 is ground and optically polished on one side to provide a surface of revolution of a radius described arornd the virtual point of light 4. It is recognized that the refracthrough the respective mediums of the container and its contents will slightly alter the geometric position of the point from which the reflector is described in order to 'tion of the light rays by reason of passing producetheeiiect of position of the rellE-Z'teil raysses though the refiectorwere de- EoZ'EDE-(l from light 4 with the container removed. On these surfaces of revolution, the whitest silver is placed for afiording the refleeting surfaces. Back of this silver is to be placed a medium for protecting the sur- 'fece'against any mechanical injury, or.in-

jury incident to the atmosphere. The other side of the lenses are ground and optically polished f at, and mounted on the elements 6 with the best Canadian balsam. -The ole-' ments ti and 11 are, as stated, for the purpose of removing the radiant heat from the l rays of'light passing through them. To this end, they are filled with distilledwal'er, and where the light passes through these members, the glasses covering the openings for this purpose are optical and are ground and polished to optical accuracy. Suitable 'tioned.

- Asto the moving picture projecting apparatus 1:2, it should be stated that no projecting lenses are used on these cameras, as

the rays emanating from the sourccsof light 4: are transformed by the lenses 5 into beams of parallel rays and pass through trie image on the film in the cameras 12 as parallel. ravs.

The symmetrical projection lenses '28, 29

and 39 are of a very large aperture and corfss ' mar a i with i tism, coma and spherical aberration.

rected, in design, completely for astigma- They are also so designed as to completely satisfy the Abbe Sine law. They are of suificient diameter, as employed in the apparatus de- .-scr1bed, to cover a 4!:15' ne ative.

Each

air ofthese lenses is provide with an adjustable diaphragm, as stated, and they are adjustably mounted on the metal base. In other words, these lenses are of conventional form and design and highly corrected.

The screen at is of ground glass, and in the apparatus described, is about four feet square, and is mounted in a frame which is adapted to be supported in a substantial manner on the floor where the apparatus is to he used, independent of the bases 1, 2

andS.

he optical edges of all of the diaphragms except those used in connection with the lensc' 29 and 39 are formed by dense, red gl'&; 1' order to minimize diffraction.

ndjanamorphous as used herein espectto the different, characters or images produced.

in image having a normal proportional j 1 the apparatus shown, all of the images on scale is one in which the unitof dimension on all axes is the same.

. nore images of the object appearin 3 An image having an anamorphous proportional scale is one in which the unit of dimension on two axes of selection are of different value.

his the purpose of this method to ro+ luce on a screen an i age of an object avng normal proportional scale, and one or in he normal image of anamorphous sca e or roporiion. It, is immaterial as to the oror or production of these images. A norincl proportional image may be taken of the object, and one or more positives made from the negative. The negative and two positires may then he placed in the apparatus and one be thrown on the screen as a normal proportional image, while the others are thrown on the screen with the use of the anamorpliotes to produce an image of anamorphosis of predetermined relative magnification as to the value of the. unit of dimension on the respective selected axes.

- A second method may consist in the use in the apparatus of a normal image and one or more anamorphous images of the normal,

preferably taken directly from the object at the same time as the normal image is produced,"the normal image being projected onto the screen as such, and the anamorphous images passing through the anamorphotes onto the screen with a still higher degree of anamorphosis.

Still another method may consist in pro ducing a negative of normal proportions and one or more anamorplzous' negatives of a high degree of anamorphosis, then placing these negatives in the apparatus and throwing onto the screen directly therefrom the images that they will produce, without the insertion of the anamorphote in the path of r the rays of light from any of the negatives. This method may be illustrated by assuming the screen of Figure 3 to be a negative. The views on this negative would then be thrown directly upon the screen by the projecting apparatus. The different figures could, of course, be on CllfiEIf-.Ll2 slides or negatives, and, of coume, would be on a much smaller scale than they appear on the screen.

It will be understood, of course, that in producing an anamorphous image, it is within the scope of the invention to first produce a no mal image and then produce an anamorphous image from the normal image,

or a photograph thereof. The alternative course would be to use the anamorphous image that. was made directly from the object, as-hercinhetoie described, so that the image, rnagiified on an anis'of selection, will be thrown by the camera directly upon the sensitized plate or upon the screen.

In the use of my method according to a normal image of a locomotive wheel. .pass- .30

a:norph )us projection screen in superimposed or other defined re change in the object photographed while be- ,ing subjected to the load or strain. Such selected anamorphous images may then be used for purposes of comparison with the normal image of the object. These images can. of course. be photographed for purposes of record by being projected onto a sensitized plate, and photographs produced from these plates in the usual way. There is, of course, theoretically, no limit to the number of anan'mrphous images of the object that may be thrown upon the screen for purposes of comparison with the normal image, subject. only to the provision that all of the images, including the normal, shall he on the same axis of selection. Thus, in determining the stresses in various parts of a ridge produced when a train is running thereover, lines may be drawn on different parts of the structure, and these lines he agnified by using the appropriate number of apparatus, and the displacement or change in the various structures or parts to be investigated will appear from the anof these lines on the lation.

In the drawing, Figure 3, l have shown ing over a track atthe point of connection of two rails, and an anamorphous image 0 f a line on the rail, and another of a line on the rail joint, all the images, of course being on the same vertical axis. i

In this View, the numeral 43 indicates the wheel, and 44 and 45, two abutting rails connected by a rail joint. 46. The letter a indieates a fine line placed on the side of the heads of the rails 44 and 45, and the letter Z) a similar line placed on the side of the rail joint 46 near the upper edge thereof. The first anamorphous image shows the rela- 1 tire magnification of the line a in the zone or the abutting ends of the rails, and the second anamorpnous image. shows the relatne lme a tire magnification of a portion of i inthe vertical axis of the anamorphous irn- 'age From these deformations, may, by eng H set my hand."

neering formulae, be deduced stresses in the respective members. Also. there may be determined phenomena. from these observations.

I claim:

'1. The method 01' making observations of minute movements in an object subject to a load or phenomena, which consists in taking two or more sets of normal images of the object: on moving films. and then projecting light. rays through said films onto a screen in a manner to cause the respective images to he superimposed thereon with the median lines of the images coinciding with a selected axis-of the screen. and simultaneously producing relative magnification on a suecte axis of one or more sets of said images, an leaving another set normal, whereby displac P Q. on

ment or changes in the object caused by the ject on sensitized'transparentmember-send described method, 'which 'phous image of an object subject to aload, v or phenomena whlca consists in taking two or more sets of normal images of the ob-..

then projecting light rays through said developedmembers onto a screen in a manner imposed thereon with the median lines of the images coinciding iWlll-ll a selected axis of the screen, and simu taneoasly producing relative magnification on a selected axis 01" one or more sets of said images, and leaving another set norms-l, whereby displacement or changes in the object caused by the load or phenomena as shown by the anamor phous images maybe observed and comparison of such displacement or changes made with the object as shown by the set. of normal. images. g

In "testimony whereof, I have hereunto to cause the -.'respect-ive .imsges to be super HARRY R HQ. 

